Julia Eckert, Georg Elwert (1996):
Land Tenure in Uzbekistan

2.4.3 The division of labour

Many of the family members of tenants, especially the women, had formerly been working on the kolchoz and had now lost their job or given it up. They would now work only on the field of the tenant without being paid a wage but only sharing in the profit from the leased land. If the tenants are given land on which they might produce a reasonable surplus which they can sell at market prices and at conditions which leave them enough of their harvest, the new organisation, although depriving some family members of their employment, can benefit the family, since they are free for working the land intensively. If, though, the land cannot, even under intensive farming, produce enough, or the contracts are designed in a manner that leaves no surplus to the tenant, families will depend on only few incomes while previously most family members could find employment (see chapter V.2 on unemployment). Similarly, those family members who have no lease and no other employment might be employed seasonally by the kolkhoz or shareholding (for example for the cotton harvest) or even by leaseholders during harvest time, while before they were employed the whole year round.