National Land Agency BPN - Republic of Indonesia (1995):
International Workshop on the Implementation of Rural Land Consolidation

2.3.1 Pressure

Pressures on land include both social pressures and natural evolution that disturb the land from baseline conditions. Social pressures on land can be devised into indirect (underlying) pressures such as population growth and direct (proximate) pressures such as evolution of urban fringes, coastal zones and river banks. In both cases, the goal is to measure change. Indicators of pressure are essential to help policy makers and the public understand land issues. Because pressures are the basic causes of land problems and conflicts, they are often the most economically and efficient place to attack the problems.